This study offers a fresh approach to New Testament intertextuality by reevaluating Paul's use of Old Testament texts from a performance-critical perspective. The research is performed by applying a modification of Hays's tests for intertextual echoes to Paul's use of λεῖμμα and παραζηλόω in Rom 11:1-15. Throughout Rom 9-11, Paul developed an eschatological paradigm to reveal how a remnant (introduced by a quotation to Isa 10:22 in Rom 9:27) could lead to an arousal of Israel's zeal (introduced by a quotation to Deut 32:21 in Rom 10:19). Paul then combined these two motifs by means of 1 Kgs 19:10(14) to disclose how Israel's zeal could lead to their salvation. Paul is shown to have interpreted the Elijah narrative (cited in Rom 11:3-4) as a parallel to his own experience wherein, following his encounter with the resurrected Jesus, Paul's zeal for God prompted him to align himself with a new remnant--now consisting of Jesus-believing Jews and gentiles--to save Israel.
