Samuel Clarke was one of the most gifted and influential Newtonian philosophers of his generation, and this work, which constituted the 1704 Boyle Lectures, was perhaps one of the most important works of the first half of the 18th century, generating controversy about the relation between space and God, the nature of divine necessary existence, the adequacy of the Cosmological Argument, agent causation, and the immateriality of the soul. Together with the other texts presented in this edition, it also provides an introduction to Clarke's philosophical views.