This study challenges the conventional view by scholars like E. P. Sanders that Late Second Temple Judaism was theologically nationalistic, offering in its place a theory that the intertestamental writings did not anticipate the salvation of all Jews but only of a faithful remnant within Israel. Working carefully with the major books of the pseudepigrapha and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Mark Elliott not only confronts accepted perspectives on Late Second Temple Judaism but also suggests important implications for our reading of the New Testament.